Article 94 of the 1992 Constitution, a cornerstone of participatory democracy or a manacle on
freedom of contract and association?
Introduction
The case of The Republic v. The High Court; Ex-Parte Dr. Zanetor A. Rawlings drew great attention
and public interest, ostensibly due to the profile of the parties involved: one of whom was the daughter
of former President Flt. Lt. Jerry John Rawlings. It is also worthy of note that, it was an election
related case, in an election year. The political stakes were understandably high; with the two major
parties going toe to toe for the ultimate prize.
In addition, both parties were seeking to do something
unprecedented: while the opposition New Patriotic Party (NPP) sought to avoid a third consecutive
defeat, the ruling National Democratic Congress (NDC) endeavoured to retain power for a successive
third term.
However, for legal scholars, practitioners and students whose interests in such matters were more
academic than political, the case presented a unique opportunity to gain insight into the interpretative
jurisprudence of the highest court of the land as it pertains to the 1992 Constitution.
This latter aspect concerning the Supreme Court’s interpretative jurisdiction, will be the focus of this
paper. I examine the reasoning of the Supreme Court (SC) and demonstrate how the judgment failed
to do justice to the relevant provisions of the Constitution resulting in far reaching consequences
beyond those intended by the framers of the 1992 Constitution.
The facts of the case under review are briefly presented below, followed in subsequent parts, by an
analysis of the legal bases for the court’s decision.
The discussion seeks to provide answers to
lingering questions about the case including the following:
(a) whether the SC wrongly granted
certiorari to quash the High Court’s ruling;
(b) whether the Supreme Court properly invoked its
exclusive and original interpretative jurisdiction under the Constitution;
(c) and what is the effect of
incorporating the Constitution into a private document?
The discussion will also look at whether the SC correctly answered the specific question which it referred to itself, and conclude with a critical
analysis of the court’s interpretation of Article 94(1) (a)
Click the link below to read Mustapha A. Mahamah’s article
“Taming Archer’s Octopus”- Freedom of Contract vs. Judicial Review: A Critical Examination of Republic v High Court Ex parte Zanetor Rawlings
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