A new nationwide ceasefire between Syrian government forces and rebel groups appears to be largely holding.
However isolated clashes have been reported since the truce, brokered by Russia and Turkey, went into effect at midnight (22:00 GMT) on Thursday.
The deal includes many rebel groups but not jihadists such as so-called Islamic State, or the Kurdish YPG.
If it holds, despite some isolated clashes, peace talks are due to be held in Kazakhstan within a month.
The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR), a UK-based monitoring group, said most of the country was calm overnight. But it reported “fierce clashes” between rebels and government forces in the northern province of Hama.
SOHR director Rami Abdel Rahman told AFP news agency: “Small rebel groups and armed loyalists are seeking to destroy the truce because it puts an end to their presence.”
Residents in the area of Ghouta in eastern Damascus also said they heard gunfire less than two hours after the ceasefire took effect. Other isolated incidents were reported in Idlib, in north-western Syria.
At least 300,000 people are believed to have been killed in fighting that followed the uprising against President Bashar al-Assad in March 2011.
Four million have sought refuge in neighbouring states or Europe.
If the fall of Aleppo to government forces demonstrated that Russia and its Syrian allies now hold the military initiative, then this new cease-fire deal suggests that Moscow has a good measure of the diplomatic momentum as well.
Unlike previous ceasefires, this has not come out of US and Russian bilateral spadework, but from a new understanding between Moscow and Ankara.
But this new agreement relates to only one of Syria’s conflicts. It does not encompass IS or the main rebel grouping linked to al-Qaeda. Even President Putin describes the deal as fragile.
The real question may be where the Russian-Iranian military effort will focus next. The deal nonetheless marks a transitional moment in the conflict, with the US tacitly acknowledging failure in Syria and Turkey signalling to the rebels that it is Ankara’s strategic interests that now take precedence.
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